System/360 was aimed at both business and scientific customers and all models could run the same software, largely without modification. Despite using 98,304 PowerPC chips, Sequoia's relatively low power usage made it unusually efficient. Instruction for which all students "meet" with the instructor by video at a designated time of day would be an example of this kind of distance course. The device was considered the earliest non-kit personal computer. It was believed that ENIAC had done more calculation over the ten years it was in operation than all of humanity had until that time. The legal result was a landmark: Atanasoff was declared the originator of several basic computer ideas, but the computer as a concept was declared un-patentable and thus freely open to all. At its introduction, it was listed as the second fastest supercomputer in the world and this single system increased NASA's supercomputing capacity 10-fold. Acorn spun off ARM as its own company to license microprocessor designs, which in turn has transformed mobile computing with ARMs low power, high-performance processors and systems-on-chip (SoC). Computer Science. Quiz 1. Univac computers were used in many different applications but utilities, insurance companies and the US military were major customers. D. Nine of the computers, which featured dozens of advanced design innovations, were sold, mainly to national laboratories and major scientific users. In all, about 200 of the boards were sold before Apple announced the follow-on Apple II a year later as a ready-to-use computer for consumers, a model which sold in the millions for nearly two decades. The replica is currently on display at the Computer History Museum. IBM Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC). Walt Disney Pictures ordered eight of the 200B model to test recording equipment and speaker systems for the 12 specially equipped theatres that showed the movie Fantasia in 1940. true. From concept to finished system, SCAMP took only six months to develop. When the Minuteman I was decommissioned, some universities received these computers for use by students. VisiCalc was released in 1979 and quickly became a must-have tool for business users. The Baby was built to test a new memory technology developed by Williams and Kilburn -- soon known as the Williams Tube which was the first high-speed electronic random access memory for computers. The 470V/6 was the companys first product and ran the same software as IBM System/370 computers but cost less and was smaller and faster. With a peak speed of over a petaflop (one thousand trillion calculations per second), the Tianhe 1 (translation: Milky Way 1) is developed by the Chinese National University of Defense Technology using Intel Xeon processors combined with AMD graphic processing units (GPUs). Colossus reduced the time to break Lorenz messages from weeks to hours. Among the lecturers were early computer designers like John von Neumann, Howard Aiken, J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, as well as mathematicians including Derrick Lehmer, George Stibitz, and Douglas Hartree. The boss wants it to have a complex user interface with a time display, touch panel buttons and accurate timing for the toast cycle. What have recent studies of online school performance compared with traditional school performance shown? Truong, founder and president of the French company R2E, created the Micral as a replacement for minicomputers in situations that did not require high performance, such as process control and highway toll collection. It was also repeatedly expanded and improved throughout its 13-year lifespan. Answer: . Foremost among its developments was Forresters perfection of magnetic core memory, which became the dominant form of high-speed random access memory for computers until the mid-1970s. All these previous chips set the stage for the first PC processors. OPENSTEP was used as one of the foundations for the new Mac OS operating system soon after NeXT was acquired by Apple in 1996. It offered increased performance and storage capacity over the original IBM PC and sold for about $4,000. The PC era ended Wangs success, and it filed for bankruptcy in 1992. It would serve as the model for several other significant multi-processor systems that would be among the fastest in the world. In October 1961, the Navy tested the NTDS on the USS Oriskany carrier and the USS King and USS Mahan frigates. It had no operating system, but it did recognize commands entered via a row of switches. Part of the speed came from the computers design, which used 10 small computers, known as peripheral processing units, to offload the workload from the central processor. While imprisoned at Buchenwald concentration camp for the rest of World War II, he refines his pre-war design of a calculator featuring a modified version of Leibnizs stepped drum design. The Motorola 68000 microprocessor exhibited a processing speed far greater than its contemporaries. At 4 million operations per second and 4 kilobytes of memory, the 80386 gave PCs as much speed and power as older mainframes and minicomputers. It was the first microcomputer to sell in large numbers. The computer he created, an all-black cube was an important innovation. One of the first commercially produced computers, the companys first customer was the US Navy. In 1979, Truong sold R2E to Bull. Of the following challenges, which one has not been identified as a challenge for students engaged in blended learning? A commercial version of Alan Turing's Pilot ACE, called DEUCEthe Digital Electronic Universal Computing Engine -- is used mostly for science and engineering problems and a few commercial applications. It was one of the first commercially available relational database management systems for microcomputers. Motes are also known as smart dust, since the intention is that their tiny size and low cost make them inexpensive enough to sprinkle in the real world to as sensors. The Difference Engine #2 at the Science Museum, London. Thousands of software titles were released over the lifespan of the C64 and by the time it was discontinued in 1993, it had sold more than 22 million units. True/False False Mac OS X (now macOS) runs the same kernel used in its predecessor, Mac OS 9. A later version of that machine became the PDP-8, the first commercially successful minicomputer. Selling for $1,750, the Micral never penetrated the U.S. market. Their first program, consisting of seventeen instructions and written by Kilburn, ran on June 21st, 1948. The trio soon attracted UC Berkeley UNIX guru Bill Joy, who led software development. b. enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. OS/2 will continue to be used in special Both faced strong competition from the Apple II, Commodore PET, and TRS-80 computers. Its price was especially attractive as the computer included very useful productivity software worth about $1,500 alone. The first of David Hilbert's 23 unsolved problems presented at the Paris conference of the International Congress of Mathematicians in 1900 involved the Continuum Hypothesis. In 1975, Scelbi introduced the 8B version with 16 KB of memory for the business market. The notion of storing both data and instructions in memory became known as the stored program concept to distinguish it from earlier methods of instructing a computer. The 501 is built on a 'building block' concept which allows it to be highly flexible for many different uses and could simultaneously control up to 63 tape drivesvery useful for large databases of information. What software is useful to illustrate a numerical concept such as the difference between electoral votes and popular votes? Subject. Sony had manufactured and sold computers in Japan, but the VAIO signals their entry into the global computer market. most important part of computer. This type of computer is useful in performing many of the mathematical equations scientists and engineers encounter in their work. The world's first scanned image was made on SEAC by engineer Russell Kirsch in 1957. Sold complete with a main logic board, switching power supply, keyboard, case, manual, game paddles, and cassette tape containing the game Breakout, the Apple-II finds popularity far beyond the hobbyist community which made up Apples user community until then. Joe Thompson at Whirlwind console, ca. Designed by scientists and engineers at MITs Instrumentation Laboratory, the Apollo Guidance Computer (AGC) is the culmination of years of work to reduce the size of the Apollo spacecraft computer from the size of seven refrigerators side-by-side to a compact unit weighing only 70 lbs. The laser printer was used with PARCs Alto computer, and was commercialized as the Xerox 9700. The EDSAC project was led by Cambridge professor and director of the Cambridge Computation Laboratory, Maurice Wilkes. Advertised as the first 100% IBM PC-compatible computer, the Compaq Portable can run the same software as the IBM PC. Simon featured on the November 1950 Scientific American cover, The hobbyist magazine Radio Electronics publishes Edmund Berkeley's design for the Simon 1 relay computer from 1950 to 1951. Today those systems use the PowerPC chip, also by Motorola and a successor to the 68000 series. The 701 introduction also marked the beginning of IBMs entry into the large-scale computer market, a market it came to dominate in later decades. Sun helped cement the model of a workstation having an Ethernet interface as well as high-resolution graphics and the UNIX operating system. It was a commercial computer based on a microprocessor, the Intel 8008. Shortly after delivery of the Atari VCS game console, Atari designs two microcomputers with game capabilities: the Model 400 and Model 800. Marketed as a fast, extremely accurate electronic slide rule with a solid-state memory similar to that of a computer, the HP-35 distinguished itself from its competitors by its ability to perform a broad variety of logarithmic and trigonometric functions, to store more intermediate solutions for later use, and to accept and display entries in a form similar to standard scientific notation. The system cost more than $100 million to create and ran a variation of the Linux operating system with up to 10 petabytes of storage. The HP-35 helped HP become one of the most dominant companies in the handheld calculator market for more than two decades. The handbook is complemented by two companion documents: Microcomputers in Transit: A Software Handbook, and Microcomputers in The first VAIO, a desktop computer, featured an additional 3D interface on top of the Windows 95 operating system as a way of attracting new users. What characteristic is common to most Personalized Learning Systems (PLS)? SWAC was used to solve problems in numerical analysis, including developing climate models and discovering five previously unknown Mersenne prime numbers. The Nest allowed for remote access to a users homes thermostat by using a smartphone or tablet and could also send monthly power consumption reports to help save on energy bills. Ross contended that a Flexowriter -- an electrically-controlled typewriter -- connected to an MIT computer could function as a keyboard input device due to its low cost and flexibility. Most historians believe that the use of Colossus machines significantly shortened the war by providing evidence of enemy intentions and beliefs. Which kind of software tool would a teacher choose in order to develop a test item bank? Over 30 were completed, including one delivered to Australia. H. Edward Roberts, the Florida-born former U.S. Air Force officer who headed MITS, decided to design a small, affordable computer around the Intel 8080. T/F True You can save money on your data plan by using this type of connection whenever possible for connecting to the Internet. Featuring the first graphical user interface (GUI) for IBM -compatible PCs, the Windows OS soon dominated the PC market. Online retailer Amazon released the Kindle, one of the first to gain a large following among consumers. Tracks on the drum did the mathematical integration. Apollo and its main competitor, Sun Microsystems, optimized their machines to run the computer-intensive graphics programs common in engineering and scientific applications. In 1983 Zojirushi introduced a rice cooker that was among the first consumer-oriented products to rely on fuzzy logic. A (n) _____ is a computer that controls access to the hardware and software on a network and provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information. Some of its other innovations were the inclusion of a magneto-optical (MO) disk drive, a digital signal processor and the NeXTSTEP programming environment (later released as OPENSTEP). Designed by John V. Blankenbaker using standard medium-- and small-scale integrated circuits, the Kenbak-1 relied on switches for input and lights for output from its 256-byte memory. It was also one of the first computers to use all-diode logic, a technology more reliable than vacuum tubes. service packs. True The term DBMS is used in reference to spreadsheet software. Beginning with the VAX-11/780, the Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) VAX family of computers rivals much more expensive mainframe computers in performance and features the ability to address over 4 GB of virtual memory, hundreds of times the capacity of most minicomputers. The first large commercial computers to use integrated circuits, RCA highlights the IC's advantage over IBMs custom SLT modules. The definition of a computer remained the same until the end of the 19th century, when the industrial revolution gave rise to mechanical machines whose primary purpose was . It was eventually housed at NASAs Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California. It is recognized by the 2006 Guinness Book of World Records as the greatest selling single computer of all time. It was named after John von Neumann, a world famous mathematician and computer pioneer of the day. Dubbed a Personal Data Assistant by Apple President John Scully in 1992, the Newton featured many of the features that would define handheld computers in the following decades. Later revisions used the Z80 processor, which is the model pictured above that [The Byte . assist teachers in preparing student IEPs. It was the fastest computer in the world from November 2009 to June 2010. The 1101, designed by ERA but built by Remington-Rand, was intended for high-speed computing and stored 1 million bits on its magnetic drum, one of the earliest magnetic storage devices and a technology which ERA had done much to perfect in its own laboratories. The mill is still in use today as an office park (Clock Tower Place) today. Designed by Don Lancaster, the TV Typewriter is an easy-to-build kit that can display alphanumeric information on an ordinary television set. Compaq's success launched a market for IBM-compatible computers that by 1996 had achieved an 83-percent share of the personal computer market. Southwest Technical Products is founded by Daniel Meyer as DEMCO in the 1960s to provide a source for kit versions of projects published in electronics hobbyist magazines. Answers: Convert data into an electronic machine-readable form for direct entry into a computer system. An inspiring summer school on computing at the University of Pennsylvanias Moore School of Electrical Engineering stimulates construction of stored-program computers at universities and research institutions in the US, France, the UK, and Germany. This printing programmable calculator was made from discrete transistors and an acoustic delay-line memory. Columbia was used in space vehicle analysis, including studying the Columbia disaster, but also in astrophysics, weather and ocean modeling. The TV Typewriter was used by many small television stations well in the 1990s. Many of the 1101s basic architectural details were used again in later Remington-Rand computers until the 1960s. Replacing their Archimedes computer, the RISC PC from UK's Acorn Computers uses the ARMv3 RISC microprocessor. The Altair had no keyboard and could not be connected to a television screen. It featured a 5-inch display, 64 KB of memory, a modem, and two 5.25-inch floppy disk drives. Introduction of the iPhone 4 with retina display. The Nova was first to employ medium-scale integration (MSI) circuits from Fairchild Semiconductor, with subsequent models using large-scale integrated (LSI) circuits. (C) The Regent Corporation's microcomputer can be used in conjunction with higher-priced microcomputers manufactured by other companies. A series of pulleys transported continuous rolls of punched paper tape containing possible solutions to a particular code. Its task was to detect incoming Soviet bombers and direct interceptor aircraft to destroy them. The RISC PC was used widely in UK broadcast television and in music production. Its Williams-Kilburn tube memory system was later adopted by several other early computer systems around the world. Question 13. The handwriting recognition software was much maligned for inaccuracy. The TRS-80 proved popular with schools, as well as for home use. The Altair 8800, produced by Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS) and invented by Ed Roberts, was originally sold as a kit. IBM's brand recognition, along with a massive marketing campaign, ignites the fast growth of the personal computer market with the announcement of its own personal computer (PC). The inside of the Amiga case is engraved with the signatures of the Amiga designers, including Jay Miner as well as the paw print of his dog Mitchy. Chuck Peddle leads a small team of former Motorola employees to build a low-cost microprocessor. Total Cards. The Pentium is the fifth generation of the x86 line of microprocessors from Intel, the basis for the IBM PC and its clones. The Nova line of computers continued through the 1970s, and influenced later systems like the Xerox Alto and Apple 1. Which kind of software is required to edit a movie from filmed video footage? Many credit the PS/2 for making the 3.5-inch floppy disk drive and video graphics array (VGA) standard for IBM computers. These tools take over the task of doing arithmetic functions so that students can focus on higher level mathematics concepts Spreadsheet This software is sometimes credited with starting the "microcomputer revolution" in schools, since it was the first software package available for home computers. The Treo sold well, and the line continued until Handspring was purchased by Palm in 2003. The PowerBook 100 was the entry-level machine, while the PowerBook 140 was more powerful and had a larger memory. A large amount of software was created for the BBC Micro, including educational, productivity, and game programs. server. Which of the following is an accepted design criterion for writing and publishing digital documents? At MIT, researchers begin experimenting with direct keyboard input to computers, a precursor to todays normal mode of operation. The 6600 retained the distinction of being the fastest computer in the world until surpassed by its successor, the CDC 7600, in 1968. A large parallel processing computer, the ILLIAC IV does not operate until 1972. ENIAC used panel-to-panel wiring and switches for programming, occupied more than 1,000 square feet, used about 18,000 vacuum tubes and weighed 30 tons. Lisa is the first commercial personal computer with a graphical user interface (GUI). With the success of the clone, Compaq recorded first-year sales of $111 million, the most ever by an American business in a single year. In some places, lower populations of ELL students may result in distorted data analysis. It managed Japan's first on-line, real-time reservation system for Kinki Nippon Railways in 1960. Microcomputer Applications - Quiz 1. It presents an approach to the technology and the implementation prOblem, documented with information about specific transit applica-tions. The system was IBM's response to losing control of the PC market with the rise of widespread copying of the original IBM PC design by clone makers. Used for science and engineering as well as simple data processing, the LGP-30 was a bargain at less than $50,000 and an early example of a personal computer, that is, a computer made for a single user. Intel and Zilog introduced new microprocessors. Bill Gates and Paul Allen licensed their BASIC programming language interpreter to MITS as the main language for the Altair. The Pentium introduced several advances that made programs run faster such as the ability to execute several instructions at the same time and support for graphics and music. SWTPC introduces many computer kits based on the Motorola 6800, and later, the 6809. Linux, NetWare, UNIX, Windows. Operational by 1964, it was not the first computerized reservation system, but it was well publicized and became very influential. The result was the Relay Interpolator, later called the Bell Labs Model II. Which of the following is not one of the kinds of interaction that Moore said characterized online courses? About 50,000 were sold in Britain, primarily to hobbyists, and initially there was a long waiting list for the system. Astronauts communicated with the computer by punching two-digit codes into the display and keyboard unit (DSKY). Lenovo, China's largest manufacturer of PCs, purchased IBM's personal computer business in 2005, largely to gain access to IBM's ThinkPad line of computers and sales force. A cassette tape interface provided supplementary storage for text. English language learners often score higher on assessments due to their increased focus in language acquisition. ex..pentium, celeron, athlon. a. Mac OS b. DOS (Disk Operating System) c. desktop operating system d. Linux 0 points QUESTION 2 1. Its founders were Ken and Stan Olsen, and Harlan Anderson. The Standards Eastern Automatic Computer (SEAC) is among the first stored program computers completed in the United States. His daughter named the new machine after the star Altair. SSEC goes on display IBM Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC) [1] Raspberry Pi, a popular modern-class microcomputer A microcomputer is a small, relatively inexpensive computer having a central processing unit (CPU) made out of a microprocessor. By 2011, over 2.4 million laptops had been shipped. While the PC Jr. sold poorly, the PC/AT sold in the millions. Be, founded by former Apple executive Jean Louis Gasse and a number of former Apple, NeXT and SUN employees, releases their only product the BeBox. T/F False Storage on a mobile device is usually an SSD (Solid-state drive). False It could also share files and print out documents on an advanced Xerox laser printer. Running on dual IBM 7090 mainframe computer systems, SABRE was inspired by IBMs earlier work on the SAGE air-defense system. . This very small home computer is available in the UK as a kit for 79 or pre-assembled for 99. The Tandem-16 eventually led to the Non-Stop series of systems, which were used for early ATMs and to monitor stock trades. The architecture that allowed Windows and IBM OS/2 has remained in subsequent chips. All three PowerBooks introduced featured a built-in trackball, internal floppy drive, and palm rests, which would eventually become typical of 1990s laptop design. Apple makes a splash with its Bondi Blue iMac, which sells for about $1,300. Although manufactured by Remington Rand, the machine was often mistakenly referred to as the IBM Univac." Their first product, the HP 200A Audio Oscillator, rapidly became a popular piece of test equipment for engineers. General Georges Doriot and his pioneering venture capital firm, American Research and Development, invested $70,000 for 70% of DECs stock to launch the company in 1957. Its large scope intrigued early hackers at MIT, who wrote the first computerized video game, SpaceWar!, as well as programs to play music. Title card- BBCs The Computer Programme. The Mark-8 Do-It-Yourself kit is designed by graduate student John Titus and uses the Intel 8008 microprocessor. The first of several personal computers released in 1977, the PET comes fully assembled with either 4 or 8 KB of memory, a built-in cassette tape drive, and a membrane keyboard. Apple Stores display of newly introduced Apple Watches. The TI99/4 had a wide variety of expansion boards, with an especially popular speech synthesis system that could also be used with TI's Speak & Spell educational game. Intel's first microprocessor, a 1/16-by-1/8-inch chip called the 4004, had the same computing power as the massive ENIAC. Intel introduced the 8086 in June 1978. Definition. B. Enterprise resource planning systems cannot be used for managing daily operations. Federico Faggin led the design and Ted Hoff led the architecture. Instead of simply copying the basic input output system (BIOS) of the Apple II as Franklin Computer had done, they reversed engineered the system and sold it for US $479, a much lower price than the comparable Apple II. It had two operating modes, one that mirrored the segmented memory of older x86 chips, allowing full backward compatibility, and one that took full advantage of its more advanced technology. The AGC was one of the earliest uses of integrated circuits, and used core memory, as well as read-only magnetic rope memory. Apple introduces their first ultra notebook a light, thin laptop with high-capacity battery. The 2116A also marked HP's first use of integrated circuits in a commercial product. The micro should be an extremely low power device even if this raises the cost of the project. The Simon 1 used relay logic and cost about $600 to build. The Model 650 was also highly popular in universities, where a generation of students first learned programming. The first microcomputer was the Intel 4004, introduced in 1971. The first companies to produce a specific type of program had good sales even though they did little promotion and their programs were not "userfriendly." It seems that many of these "innovators . Incorporating a version of Apple's iOS operating system, as well as sensors for environmental and health monitoring, the Apple Watch was designed to be incorporated into the Apple environment with compatibility with iPhones and Mac Books. DSKY interface for the Apollo Guidance Computer. The 2116A is HPs first computer. What type of software allows teachers and students in different locations to use it to create, edit, and share documents at the same time over the Internet? It was widely used in DEC's workstations and servers, as well as several supercomputers like the Chinese Sunway Blue Light system, and the Swiss Gigabooster. A. The VAIO line of computers would be best known for laptops were designed with communications and audio-video capabilities at the forefront, including innovative designs that incorporated TV and radio tuners, web cameras, and handwriting recognition. Apollo was a leading innovator in the workstation field for more than a decade, and was acquired by Hewlett-Packard in 1989. The original design included two memory boards and could generate and store 512 characters as 16 lines of 32 characters. answer choices True Fasle Question 3 30 seconds Q. The Watch was received with great enthusiasm, but critics took issue with the somewhat limited battery life and high price. The University of Michigan Micro Mote (M3) is the smallest computer in the world at the time of its completion. Because of its speed, small size, and reasonable cost, the PDP-8 was sold by the thousands to manufacturing plants, small businesses, and scientific laboratories around the world. The first release proved so popular there was a long delay in delivering systems on release. What is the first step when designing and creating a web page or website? The Invention of the PC These innovations made it cheaper and easier to. IBMs 7000 series of mainframe computers are the companys first to use transistors. Spectra systems were marketed on the basis of their compatibility with the IBM System/360 series of computer since it implemented the IBM 360 instruction set and could run most IBM software with little or no modification. During the 1980s and early 1990s, ____ was the dominant operating system for microcomputers. See Answer. The 6502 and its progeny are still used today, usually in embedded applications. The title of first commercially available general-purpose computer probably goes to Britains Ferranti Mark I for its sale of its first Mark I computer to Manchester University. The 486 chips remained similar in structure to their predecessors, the 386 chips. Dropout rates are higher in online courses. -The Massive Open Online Course (M O O C). Lenovo became the largest manufacturer of PCs in the world with the acquisition, later also acquiring IBM's server line of computers. Later, Sun Microsystems, founded as a spin-off of a student project at Stanford University, also began selling Unix-based desktop workstations in 1982.
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